Adding-machine



(No Model.)

J. S. HILLIARD.

ADDING MACHINE.

. Patented June 21, 1892.

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i THE MORRIS PETERS C0., PHOTO-LUNE., WASNNGTON, D. C.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN S. IIILLIARD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 477,416, dated June 21, 1892.

Application filed September ll, 1891, Serial No. 405,376. (No model.)

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN S. HILLIARD, a citizen of the United States, residilw at the city of Philadelphia, in the county ot Phila-- delphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adding-lVIachines, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates in general to 1o that type of adding-machines in which all the indicatingl or number wheels except the units or digit wheel are actuated both manually and mechanically, and it relates more particularly to the construction and arrangement of mechanism and appliances for permitting of the actuation of said Wheels.

The principal object of my present invention is to provide a simple, compact, durable, and comparatively inexpensive adding ma- 2o chine or instrument for accurately and expeditiously ascertaining the sum or aggregate of two or morenumbers by mechanical means J- sand by a series of simple and rapidly-performed manipulations.

My invention consists of an adding-machine comprising a series of number-indicating wheels, a series ofspring-controlled handlevers, dials provided with guide-numbers, paWl-and-ratehet connections between said 3o levers and number-wheels, means for controlling the movements of said numberwheels, and mechanism for causing each complete revolution of one of said number-Wheels to advance the next wheel of the series a distance corresponding to the space between two of its teeth.

My invention further consists of an addingmachine comprising a series of number-indicating wheels, a series of spring-controlled 4o hand-levers, dials provided with guide-numbers, pawl-and-ratchet connections between said levers and number-wheels, a series of toothed wheels disposed in different planes, a single radial operating arm or tooth attached to each intermediate toothed wheels of said series, and detents for engaging each of said 'toothed wheels; and my invention further consists of the improvements'in adding-ma chines hereinafter described, and pointed out 5o in the claims.

The nature and objects of my present inven tion will be more fully understood from the fol lowing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and in which- Figure l is a top or plan view of an addingmachine embodying features of my invention, showing a series of dials and spring-con trolled hand-levers located at the top thereof. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3, and Fig.` 3 is a central longitudinal section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. l, showinga series of toothed wheels disposed in different parallel planes and also showing a radial arm or tooth attached to one of the faces of each of the intermediate wheels of said series and adapted to mesh with the next succeeding wheel of the series.

In the drawings, A is a case or housing of preferably rectangular shape and comprising side plates c, end plates c2, a top a3, and a bottom plate a4. The top plate a3 is provided upon its upper surface with a series of dials b, h', b2, h3, and b", and with a series of openings or windows C, c, c2, ci, and c", which may be covered by glass plates, if preferred,in order to protect the interior of the apparatus from dust or other extraneous matter. In the present instance there are tive dials provided, respectively, with the numerals from O to 9, inclusive. rlhe numerals are arranged around certain of the dials h, h2, and b4 in advancing order from right to left and around the other dials h and b3 in a reverse direction, for a purpose to be presently described. (Z are a series of spindles ranging transversely of the housingA and having their lower extremities supported in suitable bearings formed in or connected with the bottom plate a* and having their upper extremities projecting above the top plate c3 and supported in suitable bearings disposed eoncentrieally with relation to the center of each of the dials l), h, Z22, b3, and b".

e, e', e2, c3, and c'L are a series of hand-levers keyed or otherwise attached to the extremities of the respective spindles d, that project above the top plate ci.

e5 are a series of hand-knobs connected, re spectively, with the hand-levers c, c', e2, e3, and c4.

Each of the spindles d is adapted to be IOO the housing A.

manually rotated in the direction of the numbers on the corresponding dial taken in advancing orderthat is, in the direction indicated by the arrows by means of one of the hand-knobs c5.

j" are a series of helical springs having one ot' their respective extremities in engagement with the bottom a of the housing A and the other extremity thereof, inserted and fitted into radial holes or apertures in the respective spindles (7, in engagement with one of the spindles f7. These springs f, by reason of their resiliency, serve to automatically return the hand-levers c, e', c2, c3, and cLL and spindles (7 to their normal positions after they have been operated manually inthe manner above described.

g are a series of stops projecting from the top plate e3 in order to engage the handlevers c, c', c2, c3, and c'l to stop and retain them normally in position in alignment with the zero characters of the respective dials. In some instances these stops g are disposed to the right of the zero characters and in other instances they are disposed to the left thereof, according to the direction of rotation of the hand-levers c, c, c2, e3, and el.

7L are a series of sleeves loosely mounted upon the spindles c7, but held against end play thereon. To the upper extremities of these sleeves 7L are attached a series ot' ratchet-wheels 7L', disposed outside and on top of The teeth of the wheels of this series of ratchet-wheels 7L are arranged to mesh with the spring-pawls e, attached to the hand-levers c, e', c2, c3, and cL when the latter are shifted manually, it being understood that the spring-pawls c slide freely over the teeth of the ratchet-wheels 7L when the hand-levers are automatically shifted in a reverse direction by means ofthe springsf.

i are a series of number-wheels provided, respectively, upon their upper faces with the numerals from 0 to 9, arranged in advancing order in reverse direction to the numerals on the corresponding dials. These number-wheels t are keyed er otherwise attached to the sleeves 71 and are located beneath the top plate eiland in proximity therewith, so that the numerals upon their upper faces are visible singly through the openings or windows c, c', c2, c3, and c4.

7c, Fig. 3, are a series of toothed wheels keyed orotherwise attached to the sleeves 71. and provided, respectively, with teeth 7U", Fig. 2, corresponding in number and position with the numerals upon the respective number wheels t'. Each of the wheels t' of the series of number-wheels, except the last or lef t-hand wheel, is provided upon one ot' its faces-in the present instance the under face-with a radially-projecting arm or tooth 7.;2 for engaging and actuating the next wheel of the series of wheels t'. Moreover, these wheels are respectively located in different parallel planes, so that the radially-progl ecting arm 7a2 of each wheel of the series of wheels lies in position for meshing with the teeth of the next succeeding wheel of the series to the left or of higher order and is out of range of the preceding wheels thereof.

lare a series of spring-detents connected, respectively, with one of the side walls a of the housing A and provided with V-shaped working extremities adapted to engage the respective teeth of the toothed wheels 7.1, in order to cause the latter to come to rest with one of the series of numerals of the numberwheel opposite to or in alignment `with the openings or windows c, c', c2, c3, and c1.

The mode of operation of the hereinabovedescribed adding-machine is as follows: The hand-levers c, c', c2, c3, and c4 may be turned away from the steps by means of the knobs e, and this motion of the hand-levers is imparted to the sleeves 71, and consequently to the number-wheels t and toothed wheels 7e, by means of the pawl-and-ratchct connections c and 7L. As soon as the knobs e5 are released the hand-levers are returned to their normal positions by the helical springs f; but the sleeves 7L and parts connected therewith are prevented from turning in a reverse direction by means of the detents 7. \Vhencver any of the toothed wheels, except the last wheel 7s, of the series have made one complete revolution, the radial arm 75 meshes with the next succeeding wheel of the series and rotates it through a distance equal to the space between two teeth, so that each wheel of the series of wheels is rotated manually by means of the hand-levers e, c', c2, c3, and c4, and also automatically by the rotation of the next preceding wheel of the series or wheel to the right.

In use the two dials b3 and 7)* at the righthand side of the machine appcrtain to cents and the other dials to dollars, and thc numbers indicating different sums of money may be added together in the following,manncrz The zero characters on each of the numberdisks are brought into alignment with the openings or windows c, c', c?, c3, and c" either by means of the hand-levers or in any convenient manner. The numerals expressing one of the quantities which are to be added together, and which in the present instance will be supposed to be $22.06, aretransferred to the machine in the following manner: The tirst hand-lever er1 at the right side of themachine is shifted toward the right until it ocn cupies a position in alignment with the numeral G on the dial o, whereupon it is released and automatically returned by the springf to its normal position. This motion of the hand-lever causes the pawl-and-ratchet connection to advance the number-wheel until the numeral G is exposed to viewT beneath the opening or window c4, and the detentl retains the wheel in such position. The next hand-lever c3 is not shifted, because it already stands in alignment with the zero character of the dial b3. The next succeeding handles are respectively shifted and released in the manner above indicated until the numerals 3,

IOC

IIO

he hand-lever e4 causes the pawl-and-ratchet connection to again advance the numberio wheel e' until the numeral 7 is opposite the window c4, and thisnumcral 7 correctlyindicates the result obtained by adding the numerals (i and 1. The next hand-leveregis shifted opposite the numeral 9 on the dial i b3 and then released, and this motion of the hand-lever e3 causes the paWl-and-ratchet connection to advance the number-wheel 'i until the numeral 9 is visible through the window c3. The next hand-lever e? is rotated into 2o alignment with the numeral 9 on the dial b2 and then released, and this movement of the hand-lever e2 causes the paWLand-ratchet wheel to advance the numbenwheel 'i until the number l is visible through the opening or window c2, and also causes the arm k2 t0 engage and rotate the toothed wheel 7.: a distance equal to the space between its respective teeth 7);', so that the numeral is visible at the opening or window c. The sum 3o of the numbers 322.06 and 9.91 may be ascertained by reading the numbers from left to right that appear at the Windows c, c', c2, c3, and c4, which sum is 331.97. Of course the numerals expressing other quantities may be added together by assuming that each dial corresponds with a vertical column of figures-that is to say, represents tens, units, or other denominations-and then shifting the lever appertaining to each dial 4o into alignment with the dial-number that corresponds in value with the figure that occupies the corresponding vertical column. It being understood that the hand-levers are released after having been brought into alignment with the proper dialnumber and are automatically returned to normal position, whereby the operation of adding may be per formed in an exceedingly-rapid manner.

Having thus described the nature and ob- 5o jects of my invention, what I claim as new,

and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an adding-1nacl1ine, a series of spin dles, a series of numberwheels rotatably mounted on said spindles, a series ot' detents for engaging said number-wheels, a series of rotatable hand-levers connected with said spindles, springs connected with said spindles and tending to return the handlevers to normal position, and pawl-and-ratchet connections between said hand-levers and number- 6o wheels, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In an adding-machine provided with a housing, a series of rotatable number-wheels mounted in said housing, a series of dials on the exterior of the top plate et said housing,

a series of rotatable hand-levers mounted outside of said housing and disposed concentrically with relation to said dials, pins for stopping said hand-levers, springs tending to no'r- 7o mally shift said levers into contact with said pins, and pawl-and-ratchet connections be tween said handslevers and number-wheels, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

An adding machine provided with a '/5 housing and comprising a series of spindles projecting through the top plate of the housing, a series of rotatable sleeves on said spinm ples, a series of n umher-wheels on said sleeves, a series of dials concentric with said spindles, 8o a series of rotatable hand-levcrs connected with said spindles, pins or stops for engaging said levers, springs connected with said housing and spindles and tending to shift said levers into engagement with said stops or pins, pawl-and-ratchet connections between said sleeves and levers, a series of toothed wheels connected with the lower extremities of said sleeves and disposed in different planes, ran dial arms extending from each intermediate 9o toothed wheel of the series, and dctcnts for engaging said toothed wheels, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

l. In an adding-machine, a series of spindies projecting through the top plate ef the housing, sleeves rotatably mounted on said spindles, number and toothed wheels con nected with said sleeves, hand-levers connected with the projecting extremities of said spindles, springs for actuating said hand-la roo vers, and pawl-and-ratchet connections between said levers and sleeves, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In Witness whereot` I have hereunto set my signature in the presence of two subscribing [o5 witnesses.

JOHN S. HILLIARD.

W'itnesses:

HERMANN BORMANN, THoMAs M. SMITH. 

